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02/27/2010

Learn Guitar Chord CAGED System Theory

Filed under: Arts And Entertainment — Tags: , , — kuru @ 9:48 pm
Desi Serna asked:




Guitar Chord Shapes

There are thousands of different kinds of chords and chord shapes that guitarists use, but nearly all of them can be traced back to just five basic forms. In the open position, the five basic forms are C, A, G, E, and D. This spells “Caged” and creates the so-called CAGED System. With the proper Theory, each one of the CAGED forms can be turned into a barre chord and moved up the neck. Each barre can be played as an arpeggio pattern which includes even more notes. These arpeggio patterns can then be broken up into all sorts of unique shapes, voicings and inversions.

Guitar Arpeggios

Each major chord in the CAGED system is made up of three notes. With each chord, notes can be repeated, stacked in any order, and played anywhere on the fretboard. Just like learning guitar scales, guitarists must learn how to map out chord-tones on the neck. These patterns of chord-tones are called “arpeggios.” Arpeggios are an important piece to the theory puzzle, specifically learning the guitar caged system.

Chord Inversions and Voicings

Guitar arpeggio patterns show you where all the chord notes are located in each position on the neck. By visualizing all the notes of a chord in a position, a guitar player can then can grab the notes in a variety of ways creating unique shapes and fingerings, inversions and voicings. An inversion, in practical music theory terms, is simply a re-arrangement of the notes from one shape to another. For example, a C major includes the notes C-E-G. These notes are available in this order but only in some spots. In other areas you might find them stacked E-G-C or G-C-E. Each combination produces a slightly different sound or “voicing.”

CAGED Guitar System

When players map out all the notes of a chord across the entire fretboard they end up with a big pattern of notes that covers five positions. This giant pattern runs the whole length of the guitar neck and is very hard to follow. But when this pattern is played one position at a time, practical arpeggio patterns emerge. Reduced to a fundamental chord shape, each arpeggio pattern becomes a common open form. One position resembles an open C chord, the next an open A chord, followed by G, E and D. Hence, the CAGED Template Chord System. So, a little bit of good theory really helps to unravel the mystery to building and playing chords on the guitar neck.

Rhythm Guitar Techniques

Great rhythm guitar players don’t necessarily use strange chords, they just spice up common progressions with unique shapes and voicings. Consider the song “Jack and Diane” by John Mellencamp for example. Each section of this tune sounds different but all sections are variations of the same three chords (A, D and E). By applying a little theory, changing up the inversions and progression, each section has a fresh sound. Understanding this theory and the guitar caged system enables players to learn chords across the whole neck and squeeze new life out of old shapes.

Ethical Theories in Practice - Do Self Interest and Good Ethics Conflict?

Filed under: Business — Tags: , , — kuru @ 4:00 pm
James Stephenson asked:




Egoists would view our actions in any situation as being solely based on our own self interests. If exhibiting good ethics were the means to that end, then they are supported and encouraged. Egoists do not allow for motivations other than the self promotion of the individual or organization.

In the corporate world the general belief seems to be that the interests of the corporation take precedence over the application of ethical standards. Some believe that ethics are hostile to corporate self interests and those organizations that follow courses of action based on their own self interests will treat ethics as optional: Following those ethics that will benefit the organization the most, disregarding those that will not further their interests. There is even a commonly stated belief that business leaders encourage their subordinates to do “whatever it takes” regardless of ethical considerations.

Utilitarian theorists believe that our actions should be based on the minimization of harm and maximization. This would imply that we should only promote our self interest if the net effect of our actions will do more good than harm. If the ultimate goal is to provide the most benefit to the individual or organization, and following a standard of good ethical conduct will accomplish that goal, then that is the course of action that should be taken. If on the other hand the situation called for setting aside conducts of good ethics then that would be the choice to make.

Kantian theorists would argue that respect for the individual is of the highest priority and that any conduct should be in a manner that will maintain the dignity and respect that all individuals deserve. This would seem to preclude the area of self interest and turn our attention outwards, to those around us.

Many believe though, that it is still possible to have self interest in a given situation, if their actions follow in accordance with accepted ethical standards and allow those around them to freely make the choices they are presented with.

Overall it appears that the ethical theories as presented, both support, and refute, the principle that “self interest and good ethics generally coincide”. Support coincides with their stated theories: Egoist - if it serves the self interest of the individual/organization. Utilitarian - if it creates the most good and the least harm. Kantian - if the dignity and respect of the individual is maintained and/or the individual willfully accepts it. But, the theories are also refuted, in that they may be adapted, or, in many cases, ignored depending on the particular needs, wants, and situations that organizations face.

As opposed to following a strict set of guidelines that must be applied in all cases, it appears that conflict, and its resolution, will ultimately be determined by the goals and basis of philosophy of the organization, and applied on a case by case, situational, basis.

02/26/2010

Theory and Techniques of Feminist Therapy

Filed under: Reference And Education — Tags: , , — kuru @ 11:35 pm
Elizabeth Mahaney asked:




Abstract
Feminist Therapy focuses on empowering women and helping them discover how to break the stereotypes and molds of some traditional roles that women play that may be blocking their development and growth. This type of therapy grew out of influences of the women’s movement of the late 1960’s. Feminist therapy tends to be more focused on strengthening women in areas such as assertiveness, communication, relationships, and self esteem. One of the main goals of feminist therapists is to develop equal mutual relationships of caring and support. The therapist believes that her client is the only “expert” in her own issues and will help her develop the tools needed to reach her potential as a unique and valuable individual. There are six main tenets of feminist therapy theory with five main principles. It is important to realize that feminist therapy is not just for women but men can benefit as well. Furthermore, there is a notion in feminist therapy that “personal is political”. This notion means that personal experiences are embedded in political situations, contexts, and realities.

Feminist Therapy
Feminist psychology grew from the influences of the women’s movement of the 1960’s. This movement was a grassroots one; therefore, no one particular theorist can be named the originator of feminist therapy. Feminists tried to keep elements of other psychological theories that worked but attempted to get rid of sexist aspects of the theories. They then tried to explain some of the common experiences and difficulties associated with the social roles that women endure that may be blocking their growth and development. The focus is mainly on helping women in areas such as assertiveness, communication, self-esteem, and relationships. Feminist therapy also focuses on empowering women by helping them see the impact of gender issues. The aim of therapy is change rather then adjustment. It is important to acknowledge *** roles, minority status and socialization in society as possible sources or causes of psychological difficulties. A core concept is equality; therefore, the therapist is seen as equal in the relationship with an outside perspective who provides guidance and new information but the client is seen as having the power to create his or her own desired outcome in themselves and their lives. Reclaiming personal power is a key concept. A task of the therapist is to help individuals explore and understand what is causing dysfunction and unhappiness and then to help develop strategies to overcome these difficulties…

Feminist therapy is not just suitable for women, men can benefit from this therapeutic process as well. Men also deal with social and gender role constraints such as the demands of strength, autonomy, and competition. In addition, they are limited by the notion that they should not express vulnerability, sensitivity, and empathy. Both men and women are exploited by a patriarchal society and limited culture and gender stereotypes. Men can benefit from therapy by working on these issues and by learning new skills to help them understand and explore issues involved with emotions, intimacy, and self-disclosure.

There are four main philosophies of feminists with differing goals in therapy including socialist, radical, cultural, and liberal. First, socialist feminists emphasize the need for change in institutional and social relationships. Next, radical feminists focus on the need for change in gender relations and societal institutions. In addition, they strive to increase women’s self awareness in regards to her sexuality and her desires and views for having children. Subsequently, cultural feminists emphasize the importance of the recognition that women are devalued in society and how detrimental this is. Finally, liberal feminists focus on the individual and the biases these people face in regards to self awareness, self-respect, esteem, and equality. Many ideas and views held by these philosophies overlap and are integrated with the main focus on equality.

There are four major approaches that are unique to feminist therapy which include consciousness-raising, social and gender role analysis, resocialization, and social activism.

Consciousness-raising is sometimes held in small groups in a leaderless manner involving the discussion of women’s individual and shared experiences. Women in these groups do not have to feel that they are alone and they could listen and support others. These individuals examine how oppression and socialization contributes to personal distress and dysfunction and they talk about ways in which solutions for creating individual and social changes can be made. Consciousness-raising helps women feel more powerful to take steps against oppression by participating in social action.

Social and gender role analysis involves the evaluation of the client’s psychological distress and methods of coping. First clients will learn about the impact and affects of social and cultural norms and expectations and how negatively these issues affect society. This helps the client become aware and identify his or her own experiences in regards to social and gender role norms. The therapist helps the individual become aware of both implicit and explicit *** roles that the client may have experienced over his or her lifetime. This helps the client explore possible origins of psychological distress. Together the therapist and the client come up with ways to implement change and gain self knowledge.

Resocialization follows social and gender role analysis and involves reorganizing the client’s belief system. They learn to view things differently and they develop new coping skills and strategies. Methods are taught that increase self esteem, assertiveness, and self views. A main goal of resocialization is an overall increase in well being.

Social activism is rather controversial and not practiced by all therapists. It is embedded in the notion that “personal is political”, which is one of the basic tenets of feminist therapy. This means that there are underlying roots of client’s problems that stem from society and politics. Feminist therapy should not only help the individual but it should help all individuals. Social activism may involve participation by both the therapist and the client. This can be accomplished by speaking out, organized protests, and letter writing campaigns. Feminists agree that social change is crucial and advantageous to the mental health of all individuals.

According to Gerald Corey, feminist therapy is based on five interrelated principles:
1.The personal is political which implements social change.
2.The counseling relationship is egalitarian which encourages equality between the therapist and the client. The client should be aware that she has the power to change and define herself and the therapist is only a tool with new insight and information.
3.Women’s experiences are honored and they should get in touch with their personal experiences and intuition.
4.Definitions of distress and mental illness are reformulated involving the internal as well as external factors of distress. Pain and resistance are viewed as a positive confirmation of the desire to live and overcome distress rather than being viewed as weak.
5.Feminist therapists use an integrated analysis of oppression which means that they understand that both men and women are subjected to oppression and stereotypes and that these oppressive experiences have a profound affect on beliefs and perceptions.

These core principles set the basis for feminist therapeutic practice and it is important to acknowledge that these principles contain overlap and interrelated common ground. Additionally, Lenore Walker indicates that there are six tenets of feminist therapy theory:

1.Egalitarian relationships: this equal relationship between client and therapist models for women personal responsibility and assertiveness in other relationships.
2.Power: women are taught to gain and use power in relationships and the possible consequences of their actions.
3.Enhancement of women’s strengths: so much of traditional therapy focused on a woman’s shortcomings and weaknesses that feminist therapists teach women to look for their own strengths and use them effectively.
4.Non-pathology oriented and non-victim blaming: the medical model is rejected and women’s problems are seen as coping mechanisms and viewed in their social context.
5.Education: women are taught to recognize their cognitions that are detrimental and encouraged to educate themselves for the benefit of all women.
6.Acceptance and validation of feelings: feminist therapists value self-disclosure and attempt to remove the we-they barrier of traditional therapeutic relationships.

Feminist therapy is beneficial and needed for several reasons. The main goal is change, not just change within the individual but change in society. Gender issues need to be addressed because they can cause psychological distress and shape unwanted behavior. Our lives are affected and influenced by the stigmas and stereotypes associated with these internal and environmental pressures which can affect one’s identity. Feminist therapy recognizes this and implements these concerns in practice. Furthermore, women live in a world dominated by males and masculine patterns of thought and behavior. Until recently, psychological studies of human behavior were almost always conducted by men and on men. The results of these studies were generalized to apply to women equally. The results are biased for several reasons including the fact that men and women are not the same. They have developed differently from early childhood and they tend to view the world in different ways. The media gives young children strong gender biased messages. Boys are supposed to be independent, self sufficient, dominant, aggressive, and successful. Girls are sweet, well behaved, passive, submissive, overemotional, and attractive. There is a conflicting problem here because the same traits that are considered appropriate for little girls are considered negative and inappropriate as mature adults. Males tend to view the world in terms of competition and power, while females look at aspects of the world through relationships and connections to others. Therefore, these studies and techniques may not represent women very well.

Women’s natural gifts of being nurturing and caring do not hold much power and value in society according to our social norms. These views and norms prevent women from feeling a sense of strength and power. These characteristics should not be viewed as weaknesses yet society sees it this way. Women should be commended for all he roles that they play. It is hard to juggle a family with children and a career, then come home and do housework and errands. As society becomes more of a dual income earning community some of these issues may turn in a more positive direction. Men do not have it easy either. If a man were to stay home and raise the children and tend to the household needs, society may call him lazy or worthless. Feminist therapists recognize how these factors and they understand how much relationships, connections, and nurturance plays a huge role in individual’s lives. They consider *** bias in a male dominated society and they honor women’s experiences and instincts as being valid. Feminist therapists specifically address issues such as family and marriage relations, reproduction, career concerns, physical and sexual abuse, body image disorders, and self esteem. One of the most important concerns of a feminist therapist is the empowerment of women in today’s world. Bohan (1992) states six guidelines for feminist practitioners to follow:

1.Therapists are knowledgeable concerning gender role socialization and the impact these standards have on what it means to be a woman or a man.
2.Therapists are aware of the impact of the distribution of power within the family and power differentials between men and women in terms of decision making, child rearing, career options, and division of labor.
3.Therapists understand the sexist context of the social system and its impacts on both the individual and the family.
4.Therapists are committed to promoting roles for both women and men that are not limited by cultural or gender stereotypes.
5.Therapists acquire intervention skills that assist clients in their gender role journey.
6.Therapists are committed to work toward the elimination of gender role bias as a source of pathology in all societal institutions.
These principles are based on a gender fair ideology for counseling which may be applied to family therapists as well. These principles also apply to both individual and group therapy. The fact that many principles of feminist therapy can be incorporated into other therapies is a strength because it can broaden the theoretical base of other models and therapies. Feminist therapy aims at enriching and enlightening everyone’s lives by hopefully encouraging social activism in a positive direction.

There are some criticisms and limitations to feminist therapy. Some therapists may be too feminist and militant in their views there by persuading clients. No therapist should persuade nor tell someone the “right” way to look at things. The therapist’s task is to offer support and information to challenge the client to examine for herself which road to take. Another criticism is the biased stance that feminists take. They are not neutral. They are all for a definite change in society and they should take caution not to be too pushy with their views on clients. It is also important that clients take responsibility for actions and experiences and not just blame society. They can be aware of society’s impacts but they also need to fess up and not avoid taking personal responsibility. Another criticism is the fact that feminism originated and was developed by, middle class, white, heterosexual women. Other races and cultures were not involved. This has been brought to attention and feminists have become much more inclusive.

In summary, feminist therapy is beneficial and advantageous to today’s society. The human race will continue to evolve and new theories will also evolve to meet the needs of our unsustainable, plastic society. Feminist therapists will continue to break down the hierarchy of power by therapeutic approaches and interventions with the overall remaining goal as empowerment of the client and social positive change and transformation.

References
1.Walker, Lenore E.A. (1990). A Feminist Therapist Views the Case. In Dorthy W. Cantor (Ed.), Women as Therapists, (pp. 78-79). New York: Spring Publishing Company.
2.Hecklinger, Fred J. (2003). Training for Life: A Practical Guide to Career and Life Planning. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt Publishers.
3.Bohan, Janis S. (1992). Replacing Women in Psychology: readings Toward a More Inclusive History, (pp. 88-99). Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall Hunt Publishers.
4.Swanson, Jane L. (1999). Career Theory and Practice: Learning Through Case Studies. Thousand oaks, CA: Sage Publications
5.Benjafield, John G., (1996). A History of Psychology, (pp.321), Needham Heights, Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon
6.Corey, Gerald (2001). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy 6TH Edition, (pp. 341-375), Wadsworth: Brooks Cole, Thompson Learning.

02/21/2010

My Connected Golf Swing Theory

Filed under: Recreation And Sports — Tags: , , — kuru @ 1:52 pm
Mike Pedersen asked:




The connected golf swing is a compact swing that means the arms and body move together through your swing. This method is very solid but one that needs a lot of core strength and flexibility to be able to do it.

Being connected for a golfer is a different feel, one that is much shorter and almost feels like it’s powerless. The viewpoint I have is for most golfers this shorter golf swing is just as powerful and accurate because it forces the golfer to swing within his/her limits.

The problem with this is it may throw off your timing as you get back to the ball much quicker. You may find your lower body and upper body are now out of sequence which can cause a whole host of other problems including coming over the top, slicing, hooking, topping, thinning and even chunking your golf ball.

If you want to swing with proper mechanics, the connected golf swing is a good “start”, but you’ll want to make a bigger backswing and follow through to maximize your power and distance.

You would be wise to implement a golf exercise program that incorporates both core rotational strength and flexibility exercises to make this connected swing work for you. because it is so short and compact, you’ll want to get everything out of your body at impact to get the distance you are hoping for. It’s one approach that golfers should not ignore.

There’s a reason the pros are doing it!

Do you want to discover the secret to creating more power and consistency in your golf swing… AND eliminating ALL your swing faults?

Download this: http://www.performbettergolf.com/ebook

02/19/2010

Using an InDesign Magazine Template

Filed under: Arts And Entertainment — Tags: , — kuru @ 2:46 pm
Leigh Burke asked:




Laying out a magazine can me more of a hassle then writing the content for it. One great way to massively cut down on the time it takes to lay out your magazine is by using an InDesign magazine template. Once you learn how to use an InDesign template you will be able to spend less time laying out the pages of your magazine and be able to spend more time writing content for it as well as promoting it. Since time is money both of those things can in turn lead to more profits, so this is a very worthwhile investment.

There are many websites online that sell InDesign magazine templates so it should not be a problem finding one that meets your needs. If you feel that you can not find a template that fits your specific needs then you might consider hiring a freelancer to design the template for you. This is a once off expense that will save you countless time in the future. InDesign templates are simple to use and will absolutely help you save time that you would have spent laying out your copy. Using these templates are fast and simple. You just layout your content as you want it to look in the template.

When you consider how much time and effort you save by using an InDesign magazine template you soon realize what a worthwhile investment they are. By just using a simple layout you are also maximizing how much you are able to fit on each page. If you do not already use InDesign magazine templates and you are looking for a way to save time and money the acquire one today!

Leadership Theory Notes - Thoughts on Competing Theories

Filed under: Self Improvement — Tags: , , — kuru @ 4:24 am
Ken Long asked:




Any survey of leadership theory will acquaint you with concepts like: leadership traits, leadership behaviors, transactional leadership styles, transformational leadership styles and organizational culture. The interplay of these different schools of thought offer a rich source of insight into human behavior organizational performance. Here are some notes to get you started down this path from one manager’s perspective:

Culture is an extraordinarily powerful aspect of organizational dynamics. I’m beginning to think is the most important thing of all, perhaps because it’s the aspect least under our own control.

The idea of the Epiphany in the Carpool is an excellent metaphor for creative brainstorming. The members of the carpool are taken out of their normal cultural setting and placed in an area where conversation and cross talk is inevitable and this can lead to extraordinary results. The story of Bill Gore and his application of leadership principles to create a very creative culture shows the potential that can happen when the right ingredients come together in terms of culture and leadership and business market.

The aspects of the socialization process of strong cultures from page 435 in the Organizational Behavior Workbook by Osland (et. al.) is an accurate map of this college’s culture. The discussion of the importance of stories and storytelling as a reinforcing mechanism is directly applicable.

The use of symbols, and jargon language, rituals and ceremonies are an important part of any business culture.

Many college curricula are still treating culture as something that other groups have, not us. And we look at it as a set of external handles enabling us to get a grip on the other or as a set of buttons we can push to go to the right floor.

Edgar Schein is one of the great original thinkers in the area of organizational culture. His work figures prominently in my research. His mechanisms for influencing culture correspond directly to most situations. Reviewing his work would surely be of benefit to most organizational thinkers.

02/17/2010

Microsoft Word Resume Template - Dig This

Filed under: Business — Tags: , — kuru @ 12:07 am
Derek Todom asked:




I have finally hit pay dirt; I discovered the Microsoft Word Resume Template. In case you don’t remember, my current life quest is to develop the ultimate resume. Not a quirky obsession - okay maybe it is - but it’s also necessary. My company thinks they can do without me. I’m sure they can’t, but we agreed to disagree on that point. They’ve given me until the start of next year to find a new cubicle somewhere else. So now I’m on the 3 month countdown to my next new and exciting career (I hope).

Being none too resume savvy, I’ve been exploring what’s out there in terms of resume helpers. And now I’ve found (drum roll please) the Microsoft Word Resume Templates. This is so sweet.

So I go online, find this page for Microsoft Office Online. There are a lot of job specific examples, but I decide to check out the Basic designs, since I’m a pretty down to earth guy. And there it is, singing to me (I get emotional about these things): the Oriel theme Microsoft Word resume template.

I had to look up Oriel in the dictionary and it means a bay window. I don’t know what that’s all about. The design has an orange bar down the right side with an orange circle near the bottom right corner. Your name goes on the Orange bar in a vertical alignment, along with the basic contact info: address, phone, email. Then the main resume info goes in normal format to the left of the orange bar. This template suggests four sections to complete: Objective, Skills, Experience, and Education. It’s simple, has some flair I love it.

Next I venture into the career specific resumes, just for kicks. They have everything from Accounts Payable to Warehouse Management. I decide to check out the resume for a helicopter pilot. I always wanted to be one. It shows the usual headers: education, qualifications but then it has some career specific entries: Licenses and Certifications, and Flight Hours (and we’re not talking frequent flyer miles).

Now I’m hooked on this whole Microsoft Word Resume Template site. I’ve got to check out the situation specific resumes. I’m hoping they’ll have one for the thirty-something, slightly balding (only slightly, mind you. A microscopic bit of receding hairline, actually. And no, I’m not sensitive about this at all. Why did I even bring it up?), professional who wants to have fun and get paid for it.

Let’s check out “Career Change Resume with Volunteer Experience.” It’s pretty standard, but includes a “profile” section instead of the “objective” section. And it focuses on experience rather than specific employment details. Lets you state your strengths in more general terms so you aren’t cubby holed into a specific career path.

There are other situation specific examples, such as high school graduate, college graduate, and return to workforce.

If you’re like me - and for the sake of the workforce let’s hope you’re not - then you’ll probably find this Microsoft Word Resume Templates site to be of great help. And no, I’m not paid by Microsoft to say this.

02/14/2010

Erickson’s Theory of Human Development

Filed under: Reference And Education — Tags: , , — kuru @ 5:52 pm
Angela Winters asked:




I’m sure you’ve heard the term “Identity Crisis” before. It’s thought of as a conflict of self and society and its introduction came from one of the most famous psychoanalyst of the 20th century.

Sigmund Freud is probably the most familiar name that comes to mind when one thinks of famous psychologists. His basic foundation theories of instinct, phallic symbol obsession and oedipal complexes are prevalent in almost every artistic aspect of our culture. However, it was a friend and fellow psychoanalyst of Freud’s, Erik Erickson, who created one of the major theories that open a window to the development of everything that makes us who we are on the inside. It is referred to as Erickson’s Theory of Human Development and it simplifies the complex topic of human personality.

First, let’s talk about the man himself. Erik Homberger was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1902. The conditions under which he began life give a great deal of insight into his obsession with identity. He was challenged with it from the stat. His parents weren’t married and his Danish father left before Erik was born. His Jewish mother married Erik’s pediatrician when he was three. Erik had Nordic features; he was tall, blond and had blue eyes. Neither the Jewish children at temple nor the German children at school accepted him.

As he grew up, psychology and art began to interest Erik and led him to various institutes including one where he was psychoanalyzed by Anna Freud, wife of Sigmund. Both later became close friends to Erickson. When the ***** came to power, Erik moved to Boston where he studied child psychoanalysis and was influenced by many psychologists and anthropologists Mead, but many famous psychologists and anthropologists.

He is considered a Freudian ego-psychologist, meaning he takes the basic foundation of Freud’s theories, but veers away by focus on social and cultural orientation. Erickson’s theory closely ties personality growth with parental and societal values. His 1950 book, Childhood and Society, is considered a classic in its field.

There are eight stages of human development, each focusing on a different conflict that we need to solve in order to development successfully into the next stage of our lives. The idea is that if we don’t resolve each stage or we choose the wrong of two choices, our ability to deal with the consecutive stages is impaired and the failure will return to us at some point later in life.

Stage One: Oral Sensory

Ages: Birth To 12-18 Months

Conflict: Trust vs Mistrust

The infant’s bond with their primary caregiver is about trust and love. The connection with that person (usually Mommy) allows them to feel like they are safe and can rely on the person who is basically the only thing they know. It’s about touch and being there and can be seen in that tender stare they give you as you feed them.

Stage Two: Muscular Anal

Ages: 18 Months To 3 Years

Conflict: Autonomy vs Doubt

This stage focuses on self control and self confidence and Erickson gives toilet training as the greatest example of this conflict. He also points out that this is the stage where an overprotective parent can do the most damage. The child wants autonomy. We’re all familiar with the two hour wait because they have to tie their own shoes. We wait because in this stage, failure to reinforce these efforts will lead the child to doubt themselves and your trust in them.

Stage Three: Locomotor

Ages: 3 To 6 Years

Conflict: Initiative vs Guilt

This is all about independence and letting the child exert his/her initiative. This is the stage where carrying your car keys or helping Mommy in any way possible is very important. They are developing a sense of responsibility and limitations. They will try to do things they can’t and the response the parent gives them, encouragement or refusal, will allow the child to understand limitations without guilt.

Stage Four: Latency

Ages: 6 To 12 Years

Conflict: Industry vs Inferiority

This is about completion. Before this stage, we’re all familiar with the child beginning to do something, but then snap; he drops it and is on to something else. In this stage, completion and the pleasure it brings becomes crucial. This is greatly influenced by their introduction to school beyond day care. It is the coming together of mental and physical capabilities as well. Parents need to encourage their child to handle the different experiences of a home atmosphere and the atmosphere at school among others.

Stage Five: Adolescence

Ages: 12 To 18 Years

Conflict: Identity vs Role Confusion

This stage could be a book in itself; the teenage years. They are hard on everyone, but especially the child herself. They are aware that they will become a contributor to society (industry) and the search for who they are drives their actions and thoughts. The desire to know what it is they want and believe separate from what they’ve adopted from their parents is crucial to their self confidence.

Stage Six: Young Adulthood

Ages: 19 To 40 Years

Conflict: Psychosocial Development

Love relationships dominate this stage for all of us and relies heavily on our ability to solve the conflicts faced in stage five. Can you be intimate? Can you be open? Can you commit? Intimacy is referred to as the ability to make a personal commitment and doesn’t necessarily mean ***. Personal commitment, met with mutual satisfaction, make this a successful stage. If unable to handle this stage, an adult will resort to isolation.

Stage Seven: Middle Adulthood

Ages: 40 To 65 Years

Conflict: Generativity vs Stagnation

The words are getting bigger, but stay with me. Generativity is our ability to care for someone else which is mostly displayed in parenting. Specifically, it’s the ability to direct someone into society and the next generation. We don’t focus on death, but we begin to understand that we are high in the order of society and owe society something. If we haven’t dealt with our previous conflicts, we become stagnant and our lives won’t exhibit anything we can look back on.

Stage Eight: Maturity

Ages: 65 to Death

Conflict: Ego Integrity vs Despair

This is when we begin to reflect on our lives, accepting it for what it was. If we have done well in previous stages, especially stage seven, we can feel a sense of fulfillment and accept death as an unavoidable reality with dignity. If we haven’t done well, we can be filled with regret, despair over the time running out and fear of death.

When you read through the stages, it’s impossible not to identify them as you’ve experienced them or as you see your children experiencing them. However, Erickson’s theory is not without critics. Many say that it is too focused on infancy and childhood and isn’t very helpful for later in life. Others say it really applies to boys and not girls using Erickson’s belief (Freudian) that boys and girls naturally develop different personalities.

In general, Erickson’s Theory of Human Development is widely accepted and plays a major role in all human and psychological development studies and theories. The best advice is to use the theory as a framework or map for understanding and identifying what issues/conflicts unresolved lead to current behavior and preparing for the stages to come.

02/08/2010

Learn the Theories in Winning the Big Lottery Game

Filed under: Arts And Entertainment — Tags: , , — kuru @ 10:07 pm
Ace Lee asked:




You have to understand two most essential theories in the lottery games if you want to win more in the lottery. The first theory is what I name the frequency theory. The frequency theory is a tried and tested theory that the numbers that have been the most common in the past results are also going to most likely be the numbers that will potentially hit in the next drawings. Now, this is not just some theory that someone made up out of the blue. But it is a theory that has been tried by real data based on the lottery results of the past.

A lot of individuals may be surprised by the idea of the frequency theory because they think that all numbers have the same chances of making in the lottery game. But in reality, reports have consistently shown that certain numbers have better success than other numbers. That’s why you need to lean towards choosing the so called hot numbers instead of selecting the cold numbers.

The hot numbers are the numbers that have been the most frequent in the past results. The cold numbers are the numbers that have been the least common in the previous results. So there are two categories of lottery systems. Some methods encourage you to focus on picking the hot numbers because those schemes follow the frequency theory.

The frequency theory basically means to go out there and select the hottest numbers because those hot numbers are most likely going to win in the future. That has been well tested and a lot of lottery experts have discovered through realistic lottery results, that picking hot numbers does work better than selecting any random numbers.

The second area of thought in the lottery methods is the theory that you should choose the cold numbers. This concept is based on the law of averages theory. Reports have also shown that the law of averages does in fact prove to be true as well.

So it is efficient to select numbers that have been the least common in order to have success in picking the winning lottery numbers. Studies have revealed that choosing either hot numbers or cold numbers is better than picking any random numbers. That is why it is so important to consider the winning numbers of the past and based on those numbers, choose your own lottery numbers.

If you go by the frequency theory, you need to select the numbers that have been the most frequent recognized as the hot numbers. If you want to go by the law of averages theory, you wish to select the cold numbers.

Both schemes work. But my study has shown that it is even better to implement both theories into action. That means you need to choose your lottery numbers from both the hot numbers and the cold numbers to achieve maximum success in the lottery. Therefore, instead of just going for one type of numbers, implement both hot and cold numbers. I have seen many people use this concept to have much more success than choosing from one type of number.

In fact, I have used this same method to get 4 out of 6 numbers. So if you wish to have great success in the lottery, start selecting the hot numbers and the cold numbers starting now. Then, you will see that your results in the future for the lotto will improve dramatically. Good luck and I wish you great success!

Make a Proxy With Free Proxy Templates

Filed under: Computers And Technology — Tags: , — kuru @ 8:36 pm
Naren Verma asked:




Proxies allow you to surf the internet with a high level of privacy, anonymity and security. When you access a website from the proxy server site, information such as your browser type, location, operating system and IP address are effectively eliminated and the proxy server website is recorded as the accessor instead of your computer. This helps you maintain the privacy, security and anonymity you desire, as it facilitates web browsing without your information being identified and bypasses network filters and firewalls.

These proxies allow you to access any website without revealing your personal information, surf, download games and news, access online social networking websites and shopping sites, share videos, music, chat and much more.

On the web, there are a several websites which offer custom designed proxy templates, wherein you can make your own proxies using the proxy templates provided by them. They provide the required tools to design your own proxy websites in the form of downloadable zip files which comprise of all necessary files to make your own site. The zip folder consists of graphic files, images, fonts, Photoshop files and the script files. Also, in order to avoid any misuse, a config.php is attached which allows you to customize your website and design it your own ways.

These pre-designed proxy templates are simple and easy to use and can be downloaded from the host website for free. Some of these websites might ask you to link back to their websites, in order to be able to use the templates. PHP and CGI proxy templates should be fully up to date with the current version and are updated regularly in regards to any technological advances.

These free proxy templates can also be edited at a later point of time and the latest versions can be implemented into them to make them compete with the latest technology. When you make your website, the configuration files attached in the downloaded folder let you design your own site and edit the titles, Meta tags, keywords or any other text by altering the configuration file.

The development of proxy servers has overcome the technical barriers of not being able to access websites from restricted locations. Proxy servers not only enable you to access desired websites but also protect your computer from virus, spyware and any other malicious script. When creating your own proxy website using these downloaded free proxy templates; you may also wish to add the proxy template download link of the host website.

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